Orchidectomy (unilateral) refers to the surgical removal of one testicle. This procedure is also known as orchiectomy. The term "unilateral" specifies that only one testicle is removed, as opposed to "bilateral," where both testicles are removed.

Purpose of Unilateral Orchidectomy

The procedure is performed for various medical reasons, including:

1. Testicular Cancer: The most common indication for unilateral orchidectomy is the presence of a malignant tumor in one testicle.
2. Severe Trauma: Irreparable damage to a testicle due to injury.
3. Testicular Torsion: In cases where testicular torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord) causes tissue death due to lack of blood flow and cannot be reversed in time.
4. Infection: Severe, unresponsive infections that do not respond to other treatments.
5. Undescended Testicle: Sometimes performed if an undescended testicle is located outside the scrotum and is at high risk of developing cancer.
6. Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Less commonly, it might be performed as part of hormone therapy to reduce testosterone levels in cases of advanced prostate cancer.

Procedure

1. Preparation:

• The patient undergoes preoperative evaluations and is given general or regional anesthesia.
• The surgical area is cleaned and sterilized.
• An incision is made in the groin or scrotum to access the testicle.
• The spermatic cord is clamped and cut.
• The affected testicle is removed.
• The incision is closed with sutures or staples, and a sterile dressing is applied.

1. Incision:
2. Removal:
3. Closure:

Advantages

1. Treatment Efficacy: Effectively treats conditions such as testicular cancer or severe trauma.
2. Quick Recovery: Often performed as a day surgery with a relatively quick recovery time.
3. Minimal Long-Term Impact: Typically has minimal impact on hormone levels and sexual function when one testicle remains.

Disadvantages

1. Psychological Impact: Some men may experience psychological or emotional distress related to the loss of a testicle.
2. Physical Changes: Potential for changes in appearance, though a prosthetic testicle can be implanted to maintain the natural look of the scrotum.
3. Risk of Complications: As with any surgery, there are risks of infection, bleeding, and adverse reactions to anesthesia.

Postoperative Care

1. Pain Management: Pain relief through prescribed medications or over-the-counter painkillers.
2. Wound Care: Keeping the incision site clean and dry, monitoring for signs of infection.
3. Activity Restrictions: Avoiding strenuous activities and heavy lifting for a few weeks.
4. Follow-Up: Regular follow-up visits to ensure proper healing and monitor for any complications.

Long-Term Considerations

1. Fertility: In most cases, fertility is preserved as the remaining testicle continues to produce sperm and testosterone.
2. Hormone Levels: Typically, one testicle is sufficient to maintain normal testosterone levels.
3. Prosthetic Testicle: Some men opt for a prosthetic testicle for cosmetic reasons, which can be discussed with the surgeon.

Disclaimer

This information is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Orchidectomy is a surgical procedure that should be discussed in detail with a qualified healthcare provider or urologist. They can provide personalized recommendations based on the patient’s specific medical condition and needs. If you have concerns about your health or are considering an orchidectomy, consult with your healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment options.